Monday, May 25, 2020

Social Media Contributions Against Gender Based Violence

Women Uniting on the Web: Social Media Contributions Against Gender-Based Violence in Turkey Ozgecan Aslan lost her life while taking the bus home when the bus driver â€Å"allegedly bludgeoned her with a crowbar, stabbed her to death, and cut off her hands to hide the evidence† (Khazan 2015, 1) because she resisted rape. According to a UNICEF report, â€Å"globally, women aged between fifteen and forty-four are more likely to be injured or die as a result of male violence than through cancer, traffic accidents, malaria and war combined† (Vlachova 2005, 5). Gender-based violence (GBV) is a global problem. GBV includes any act of verbal or physical force, and life-threatening actions that may result in â€Å"physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women† (United Nations, Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women). GBV includes legal exploitation, forced abortion, forced marriages, child marriages, hymen repair, genital mutilation, abduction for marriage, rape, honor suicides, and honor killings as the most extreme. My paper will ill ustrate the issues that are prevalent in Turkey in regard to gender-based violence towards women, share stories of victims and survivors, and analyze the way women’s rights activists are using social media to raise awareness and eliminate unjust customs. I approach this project from an emancipatory research perspective where I will share and promote opportunities for others who read my paper to engage with and support the women in TurkeyShow MoreRelatedGender Normalcy1287 Words   |  6 PagesThe Media and Gender Normalcy: How the Media Establishes Dangerous Gender Roles What is Gender Normalcy and How the Media Establishes it In simplest terms, normalcy is the state of being normal. Likewise, gender normalcy is what is expected from each gender in our society due to the gender roles that we have learned from the media, our ancestors, and our society as a whole; the media, however, is the main agent of gender normalcy. The media is able to establish what is normal for each gender dueRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Reality1128 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Fox Sociology I August 6, 2015 Social Construction of Reality Reality does not exist externally, but they do internally, as it is because each individual or group could interpret it differently and it is always changing. Reality is not really an objective that are being imposed on us but we actually create it. Conley defined social construction as â€Å"an entity that exists because people behave as if it exists and whose existence is perpetuated as people and social institutions act in accordance withRead MoreA Personal Revolt Against The Rising Rape Culture Essay1564 Words   |  7 PagesPREFACE This project begun as a personal revolt against the rising rape culture and sexual assaults in India when three of my closest female friends got sexually assaulted in Delhi this May. These were young financially independent and headstrong women yet they felt completely powerless after this event and could not report it. This normality around rape and assault led me to probe into the root cause and cultural implications around it. SUMMARY It startedRead MoreFeminist Movement : Ellen Pence1520 Words   |  7 Pagesanalyst, a compassionate listener, and committed to social justice. She obtained her Bachelor’s Degree from St. Scholastica (Bradkin, 2016). Ellen later received her Doctorate in Sociology at The University of Toronto (Bradkin, 2016). Her mother, Audrie Pence, was an advocate of the feminist movement (Bradkin, 2016). Ellen was also an activist who contributed to the movement to end violence against women and children (Edleson, 2010). Contributions At first, Ellen was involved with housing,Read MoreWhy And How Gender Stereotypes1654 Words   |  7 PagesWhy and How Gender Stereotypes in Advertisements are Challenged Traditional gender roles were constructed based on devotion to cultural value as well as social construct based geographical placement. Males were usually associated and expected to express masculinity while females on the other hand had to express femininity (Ickes). The gender roles have been preserved for too long and it has become almost like a permanent component of a society—like a body part itself, rather than a constructed normsRead More A Look Inside a Woman’s World Essay example1156 Words   |  5 PagesHumans are undeniably trained and wired to judge others based on race, gender, and appearance. Unfortunately, women are stuck in all categories of judgments. Jean Kilbourne, an award-winning producer on documentaries about images of women in ads, explains that when media and advertisements exploit femininity for personal gain, women are at risk for much harm because it promotes objectification, which eventually will led to violence. An African American fem inist, Joan Morgan, expresses her furtherRead MoreVictims Of Violence : A Third Of Women1602 Words   |  7 PagesVictims of violence: A third of women continue to face physical or sexual violence. Many women are not given the equal rights they deserve and this violates the human rights of women across the world (World Health Organization, 2016) CEDAW: In the year 1979, countries around the world signed CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women) (United Nations, 2009). Education: to this day, young girls still do not have access to basic education. Nearly of girls ofRead MoreRape Culture And Sexual Abuse1639 Words   |  7 Pagesparticularly long time defining and addressing the problems associated with rape culture. Rape culture can be defined as â€Å"a culture in which dominant cultural ideologies, media images, social practices, and societal institutions support and condone sexual abuse by normalizing, trivializing and eroticizing male violence against women and blaming victims for their own abuse† (Huffington Post). Rape culture can be as simple as a T.V. commercial or as complex as a rapist blaming the victim for â€Å"askingRead MoreWomen Of The Indian Society1304 Words   |  6 Pagesa nation which had Mahatma Gandhi as its role model of uprightness became so remarkably violent and corrupt that the women can no longer be safe within their bodies. Mahatma Gandhi who defeated the Britishers to save the Indians by relying on non-vio lence is considered as the father of the nation, but his sense of honor are being deceived so easily that a woman is raped every twenty minutes in India [1] In the world’s largest democracy and even children of five years are subjected to rape [2]. WomenRead MoreThe Representation Of A Woman s Identity1196 Words   |  5 PagesIdealized as the symbolic figure for obedience and domesticity, the power of society’s gender expectations has dictated a woman’s identity. A dominate belief held throughout American history, these traditional femininity norms were and still are reinforced by immigrant communities today. Nonetheless, what often goes unacknowledged are the stories of those female immigrant youths, Pachuca’s or female gang members, who have rejected societies beliefs to construct new identities centered around hyper-masculine

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Literature Review On Media Violence - 1461 Words

PSY 4111 Literature Review. E. Langslow Trends across research suggest exposure to media violence positively correlates with subsequent violent behaviour In this era of internet connectivity, access to an array of violent media stimuli is readily available. Scientific exploration of the effects of such exposure on real world violent behaviour carries potential ramifications for the safety of global communities. Media violence is understood here as stimuli that includes depictions of violence or calls to violent action and includes image, video, television and gaming. Violent behavior is defined as behavior causing emotional or physical harm expressed verbally or physically. Whilst there remains no causal proof for the†¦show more content†¦The Bobo doll study found that children were more likely to imitate violent behaviour they witnessed in a film if they perceived the behaviour would generate positive outcomes (Bandura, Ross, Ross, 1963). Later findings across three decades of cognitive research on the effects of learning and priming concluded thoughts are connected by similar association, with media stimuli cognitively rel ating to memories and responses to trigger violent schemata retrieval in real- world situations (Berkowitz, 1984; Bushman Geen, 1990; L Rowell Huesmann Eron, 2013). Findings in two general aggression model (GAM) studies that complement cognitive frameworks, both monitored increases in physical arousal as potential determinants for short- term violent behavior. Again, positive correlations were found following exposure to media violence.(Bushman Anderson, 2001; Thomas, Horton, Lippincott, Drabman, 1977). Environmental factors A range of studies assert that causes of violent behavior are complex at the level of environmental influence and compare other learning, modelling and disinhibiting factors. This is an area where opposition to the hypothesis is more common. Two longitudinal studies assessing levels of violence pre-and post the introduction of television found a positive correlation, howeverShow MoreRelatedSexual Crimes Committed Against Wsv Victims764 Words   |  4 PagesThe public display of sexual crimes committed against WSV victims has yet another aspect to compound the consequences of their rape and captivity. The associated media articles, almost always very detailed in nature, arouse issues in regards to the cultural notions of honor. In honor-based societies, such as the Yezidi community and many communities in Nigeria, women and girls carry a heavy burden of upholding the honor of the family, clan and tribe. One way in which honor is lost is through sexualRead MoreTelevision Viewing And Protective Action Against Crime1639 Words   |  7 Pages: A Cultivation Analysis From a Theory of Reasoned Action Perspective. Communication Research, (28), 802nd ser. Doi:10.1177/009365001028006004 2. This Study is for my Dependent Variables 3. Statement of Study s Purpose and Brief Overview of Literature Review Nabi and Sullivan used the cultivation theory as the base of their study. (2001)Within the study, they also used the theory of reasoned action (TRA) (Fishbein Ajzen, 1975) as a model of social influence. TRA is about predicting behaviors basedRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence In The Media1212 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction With the recent increase in media presence throughout the world, there has also been an increase in violence portrayed through the media. Media violence is believed to be causing aggression in today’s youth and society. This paper will examine the potential reasons on how media violence is causing aggression Review of Literature In a study conducted, media psychologists, mass communication scientists, pediatricians, and parents all completed an anonymous online survey that asked whetherRead MoreGame over: the Effects of Violent Video Games on Children Essay1416 Words   |  6 Pagesplaying too many video games. Aggression here means non-physical acts as well as physical ones. The first harmful effect of violent, role-playing games is their effect on a youth’s reaction to violence and gore. When a child spends so much time exposed to the kind of brutality depicted in violent video games, the actions executed lose meaning. When interviewed, Mrs. Oake, a registered nurse and mother of two, stated â€Å"Eventually, the gravity ofRead MoreThe Differences Between Opinions Of Tougher Guise Essay1731 Words   |  7 Pagescomprehend violence consequently involves that we realize its link to traditional codes and beliefs of courage and manhood (Kataz, 5). Over the year’s media images has played a major role in many individuals’ behavior changed established on his or her beliefs, also on how someone thinks and acts found off on what individuals see (Kataz, 5). One the foremost point of this documentary is that regardless of widespread change of violence in American culture, it’s ve ry encouraging that violence can be stoppedRead MoreMedia Aggression And Aggressive Behavior Essay1033 Words   |  5 PagesI found that this review examined just how aggression and aggressive behavior is depicted in the media and how this impacts society’s perspectives and thoughts when it comes to aggression behavior. There was a review of the literature by the authors, in which they analyzed the relational and physical aspects of aggression in many media aspects (film, broadcast television, music, books, and video games). Findings across media types, the evidence finds that both physical and relational aggressionRead MoreConflicting Paradigms On Gender And Sexuality1453 Words   |  6 PagesAriella Melamed Professor Salerno SYG 1000 September 30th, 2016 Conflicting Paradigms on Gender and Sexuality in Rap Music: Review Introduction: The article I am researching and analyzing is â€Å"Conflicting Paradigms on Gender and Sexuality in Rap Music: A Systematic Review† written by Denise Herd. This article was published in the academic journal â€Å"Sexuality and Culture†, on July 1st, 2000. This article is centered around rap music with its social and cultural significance for youth audiences, allRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Emotion1570 Words   |  7 Pagesharmful the effects of media violence can be for over 60 years, and some recent studies have shown that there may even be a direct correlation between a one’s emotions and their exposure to the highly concentrated violence in video games. It is also known that over 85% of video games today have at the very least some type of minor violence, and about half of video games contain serious violent actions (Carnagey, 2007). This is the reason why video game violence research and literature is growing so rapidlyRead MoreThe Portr ayal Of Children s Books918 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Children are highly acquiescent, and as such the media they consume is highly important in their socialization. Taking into consideration the ubiquity of media and the degree to which it is entwined in the lives of children, it is important that we be concerned with the themes presented in children’s media – including books. As noted by Taylor (2003), Children s books are an important cultural mechanism for teaching children gender roles. If children are exposed to stereotypical imagesRead MoreThis Article Provides A Brief Overview Of Existing Research1248 Words   |  5 Pagesreveal the linkage is causal. Correlational studies reveal a links to serious, real types of violence. Methodologically weaker studies yielded smaller effect sizes than methodologically stronger studies, suggesting that previous meta-analytic studies of violent video games do not compare to the true magnitude of observed deleterious effects on behavior, cognition, and affect. Introduction Video Game violence became a major problem for the general public when school shootings, performed by avid video

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet - 655 Words

Anguish is conceived in love and death. William Shakespeare creates turmoil through his language in Romeo and Juliet. His tragedy shows how hate and love coincide with one another. Throughout the play, Romeo and Juliet’s passion for each other keeps them together, but eventually kills them both. Shakespeare creates the conflict through his language. His use of similes, metaphors, and verbal irony set the mood for his play. The way these components flow together create the atmosphere that made this misfortune legendary. In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare uses similes often. For example, he uses a simile to show Lord Montague’s worry for Romeo. Montague goes on to say that Romeo is â€Å"So far from sounding and discovery/As is the bud bit with an envious worm/ Ere he can spread his sweet leaves to the air† (I.i.158-160). The simile in this scene is used to express how Romeo guards his emotions tightly, just as the bud of a flower holds itself tightly until it is com fortable enough to spread its leaves to the air. Furthermore, a simile is found when Romeo is describing love before the Capulet’s party. Due to his heartache from Rosaline, Romeo says, â€Å"Is love a tender thing? It is too rough, Too rude, too boisterous, and it pricks like a thorn† (I.iv.25-26). Romeo is comparing love to a thorn because it is painful. Love teases you and can hurt your heart, just as the thorn of a rose hurts if you touch it. Lastly, when Romeo is sneaking around the Capulets’ party and spots Juliet,Show MoreRelatedThe tragedy of Romeo and Juliet1000 Words   |  4 Pages «The tragedy of Romeo and Juliet » written by William Shakespeare (1564-1616). The plot of the tragedy for the modern people can be fantastic, but the feelings so accurately and piercingly transmitted by author are real.  «The tragedy of Romeo and Juliet » is the story about a real, strong , no children’s love of two young people from two different feuding f amilies, about Juliet Capulet and Romeo Montague, about two lovers who couldn’t live without each other. Only young, clean, Ð ½Ã µ Ã' Ã ²Ã' Ã ·Ã °Ã ½Ã ½Ã'‹Ð µ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð µÃ ´Ã'€Ð °Ã' Ã' Ã'Æ'Ð ´Ã ºÃ °Ã ¼Ã ¸Read MoreThe Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet671 Words   |  3 PagesIn the play Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare there are many occurrences that lead to tragic events. Many people caused or had a part in the tragedy in this play. One example is, Mercutio cursed the two houses before he died and the result was Friar John never sent Romeo the letter with the plan of faking Juliet’s death. These tragedies help shape the plot of the play. One tragic event will start a chain reaction that will lead to another tragic event. According to Matthew J. Bolton, Mercutio wasRead MoreThe Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet1081 Words   |  5 Pages It is truly a tragedy when two people, who are deeply in love, kill themselves; it is much worse when one of their closest counselors and confidants is to blame for their tragic ending. Friar Laurence is the most to blame for Romeo and Juliet’s death because he didn’t get parental consent to marry Romeo and Juliet, he lied to everyone about whether Juliet was dead or not, and he was the one who provided Juliet with the potion that eventually lead to the death of both young people. Read MoreThe Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet1040 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The tragedy of Romeo and Juliet† was written by William Shakespeare (1564-1616). The plot of this tragedy can be fantastic for modern people, but the feelings, which are so accurately and piercingly transmitted by the author, are real. â€Å"The tragedy of Romeo and Juliet† is the story of the really strong love of two young people from two different feuding families. Juliet Capulet and Romeo M ontague are two lovers who couldn’t live without each other. Only young, clean, unprejudiced people such asRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Romeo And Juliet1993 Words   |  8 PagesShakespeare s The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, the Capulets selfishness and rage, Nurse s passiveness and moral abandonment, and Friar Lawrence s hastiness and insensitivity causes Romeo and Juliet s alienation and desperation, showing the link between a lack of sensible guidance and rash decisions. Lord and Lady Capulet s explosive anger and selfishness alienate Juliet, teaching how a lack of sensible guidance leads to impetuous choices. Before the Capulet party, Lady Capulet asks Juliet, How standsRead MoreThe Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet543 Words   |  2 Pages ‘’For never was a story of more woe than this of Juliet and her Romeo’’ – William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet. Romeo and Juliet are star crossed lovers and their lives are cut short by death. Are family wishes hazardous, or is it deadly to have flaws? Is the victim at fault here? In the play, Romeo and Juliet, William Shakespeare provides several of actions and influences that caused Juliet’s tragedy. The death of Juliet can be blamed on multiple factors. It is clear that she is partiallyRead MoreRomeo and Juliet, Tragedy or Romance791 Words   |  3 PagesRomeo and Juliet, Tragedy or Romance? What determines what a true love story is? Many events in Romeo and Juliet make the audience question whether or not they are truly in love or are just blinded by a false or not true version of a not so deep feeling. Romeo and Juliet is a famous love story but it stands out compared to other love stories. Romeo and Juliet continue to be a true love story to this day. They are married at a young age and differentiate from other love stories, it’s still consideredRead MoreRomeo and Juliet as a Tragedy Essay1553 Words   |  7 PagesRomeo and Juliet as a Tragedy Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy, which was written by William Shakespeare in 1599. The Elizabethans totally believed in fate, they believed that your destiny was fated. They also believed that fate was fickle, it could change, one day everything would be good and the next day things could be really bad. If you challenged fate, it would take up the challenge. If it wasn’t fate there are many more things which could have caused the tragedy;Read MoreThe Blame For The Tragedy Of Romeo And Juliet1074 Words   |  5 PagesRucha Dave Bergamotto Academic English I: 2A 21 April 2015 The Blame for the Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet In spite of the fact that William Shakespeare continuously alludes to the idea that fate dooms Romeo and Juliet, the theory yet remains doubtful. Some perceive the duo as â€Å"star crossed† lovers, whereas others believe that the actions and traits of those associated with the pair cause the unfortunate ending of the play( I, i, 6). Friar Lawrence in particular, exists as a figure whom the coupleRead MoreThe True Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet819 Words   |  3 Pagesadults with worldly experience direct us down the path of good judgment in order that we may learn how to make good decisions. They near essential to us, even though not everyone has this advantage. William Shakespeare’s famous and celebrated tragedy, Romeo and Juliet, depicts several instances in which the title characters, though still naà ¯ve, behave more responsibly and maturely than the misguided adult figures in their lives–those of the Houses of Capulet and Montague, especially Juliet’s parents, and

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Andrea Castle v. Sage Direct Marketing Pty Ltd.

Question: Describe about Andrea Castle who was an employee with Sage Direct Marketing Pty Ltd. Answer: Andrea Castle was an employee with Sage Direct Marketing Pty Ltd. She was employed under an Enterprise Agreement. The enterprise agreements are the collective agreements that are made between employers and employees about the terms of the conditions of employment (Freedland, et al 2016). The Fair works commission approve the process of the enterprise agreements that are made. They also assess the terms of the contractual agreement. She witnesses a robbery in action in a social gathering. She sent out an email to the employees to stay safe and that she saw a colored arm reaching for a purse. The use of the term colored arm and sending out a personal correspondence using the office email was the reasons for her being fired from the job. The email policy of the company states that the emails sent by the employees should be based only for the business purpose and the content of the email should not be offensive to others. The use of the colored arm description was deemed to be offensive by the managers. The company states that she had violated the internal email policy and the terms of the enterprise agreement. Andrea was to sue the company was wrongful termination. She cites that she had posted the email for the welfare of the people and posted information that was what she had witnessed during the course of the robbery. Owing to this the action of the company was deemed unfair by Andrea. This is the reason for he r to consider seeking unlawful termination. The purpose of this analysis is to analyze the validity of Andreas claim by using common law action and Fair Work Act 2009. In the initial section there will be discussion of the actual terms of the common law action and Fair Work Act 2009 Terms of common law action and Fair Work Act 2009 In Australia, the employees and the company are bound by a common law contract or modern aware or enterprise agreement along with National Employment standards (Poole, 2016). When discussing about the issues of the employment law it is important to first understand the structure of the employment law in Australia. Statute and Common law. Statute law is the law that is created by the parliament. Common law is the rules that has been determined by the judges. The courts follow the mandates and the precedence of the previous cases. From the perspective of implementation, the parliament takes precedence. The courts interpret the laws and also the ambiguities based on the specific terms of the case. Employment law operates in the basic employment relationship that involves common law contract that has been regulated by the statute. Fair Work Act 2009: Unfair dismissal Unfair dismissal is when the employees are dismissed from the job in a harsh or unreasonable manners. Fair Work would analyze the claim if it was harsh or unjust and is the case was not a case of genuine redundancy. They would also look into the grounds for dismissal of the employee. The clauses that are considered if a particular case was harsh or unjust is based on the reason given by the company. The Fair Work commission will analyze if the action of the employee and the conduct (Freedland et al., 2016). The people who can apply for unfair dismissal are the people who have worked for the minimum employment period of one year and the people who have been forced to resign from their jobs. The eligible employees should be covered by the terms of the registered agreement and have an annual earnings of more than $138900. The employees have to apply within 21 days. The company that dismisses the employee should also prove redundancy. The redundancy occurs when the employer shows that they no longer need the work done by the employee. The employee redundancy needs to be proved. The issue with the Fair Work Act is that the dismissal claim cannot be resolves between the parties. The factors for determination if a case was fair or unfair is not clear (Freedland et al., 2016). The factors that are considered by the Fair Work Act is if the reason for dismissal was valid, if the person was notified of the reason, if the person was given opportunity to respond to a particular allegation, unreasonable refusal by the employer to have a person present, the factors that contributed towards unsatisfactory performance and the degree in which the employee were affected by the action of the dismissed employee and the impact of the dismissal on the company. The employee reason given to respond will be analyzed. The employed person should have a support person during the course of the dismissal. Previous warning to the employee will be analyzed. The history of conduct of the employee would be in purview. This has been detailed in Section 387 (Freedland et al., 2016). The re medies are either reinstatement or compensation by the company. Again this is based on the facts of the individual case. The legislative minimum rights of the employee are governed by the enterprise agreement or the modern awards and the common law contract along with the implied employment term. Legislative minimum rights Certain right and entitlements are created by the parliament to protect all the employees. and their rights. For example, the right to leave is mandated by the National employment service which is a part of the Fair Work Act 2009. The Fair Work act also discusses about the right to belong in unions or protect employees against discrimination. Added to this the federal and the state laws mandates the ways in which it can provide remedies for unfair dismissal. Enterprise agreement/modern awards provide detailed protections and regulations based on the specific industries and occupations. Enterprise agreements in general are the business specific agreements that is made by the groups of employees and their employer. The enterprise agreement is a contractual agreement that is approved by the Fair Work commission. Common law contracts are the basic relationship that exists between the employer and the employee in a civil contract. In this the employee agrees to work for the employer for exchange of payment. The employment contract is similar to the civil contract. The terms of the employment contract are based on each subjective cases. But according to the law they need to follow the legislative minimum rights and the modern aware or enterprise agreement. The courts will uphold the contract when the parties have willingly agreed to the terms of the signed contract. Another tricky aspect to the courts is the implied terms of the contractual agreement (Susskind, 2013). Implied terms are the reasonable notice of termination between the employee. The implied duty of mutual trust and confidence is considered in this analysis. The implied duty of trust and confidence is that the employee should work in good faith efforts and not in the manner of termination. Modern companies need to be registered after the implementation of the Fair Work Act 2009. These statutory requirements regulate the rules regarding employment. The employee and employer relationship are bound by the common law contractual requirements. The enterprise agreement has precedence over the common law contractual terms. All these terms form a part of the agreement. Analysis of the case According to the Fair Work 2009 act, the company that choses to dismiss an employee should ensure that there is redundancy by the employee. But this was not the case. The employee was fired for sending one email. She was not disciplined rather was dismissed. In the case of Anderson v Thiess Pty Ltd[2014] FWC 6568, Mr. Anderson was summarily dismissed for sending a work email that was offensive to the people belonging to the Muslim faith. In spite of the case being offensive and against the policy of Thiess Anderson was awarded compensation (Legg, 2014) . The dismissal was considered to be harsh because of only the previous verbal warning given to Anderson. He was above the age of 65 and he would have difficulty obtaining other employment. The Thiess also did not give Anderson enough time to accept the contents of the email or apologize to the people for offending them (Legg, 2014) . Based on this case, it can be argued that Andrea was not given any form of warning by the company. Under the clause of the Fair Work she should have been given some place to voice her opinion instead of firing her (McKendrick, 2014). She was not given the opportunity to express or take back the email. The company did not find any issues with the work conduct of Andrea. It can be argued that the company based on the case of Anderson that they should have given her some other means of disciplining instead of dismissing her. The redundancy aspect was also not addressed by the company to prove that her firing would not cause the company any considerable losses. In Wise v Mildura Aboriginal Corporation, the applicant lodged a complaint for unfair dismissal. The employment was terminated after the employer did a police check that determined the applicant was charged with possession of ecstasy and unlawful possession of explosives in 2012. But the conduct in question was minor hence the courts let him go with a small fine of 350$ (Moran and Mallman, 2015). The courts explained that the dismissal were harsh and unjust. The reason given by the courts is that the conduct of the employee was not so serious to repudiate the damage of the company. Andrea can argue using this fact that there was no damage done to the reputation of the company by sending out the email. She had only merely stated the events to protect other employees. There was no indication that she wanted to act in malice against the colored people or anyone in particular (Southey and Southey, 2016). She can use this argument to cite the reason for unfair dismissal. She could argue t hat her conduct did not breach any violations or cause the company any reputable or tangible damage. In the case of OKeefe v The Good Guys (2011), Good Guy company fired OKeefe because he had made derogatory comments on Facebook page about one of his colleagues and the company in general. He was dismissed from the company owing to the actions. OKeefe filed an unfair dismissal but the Fair Work Act deemed the dismissal to be unreasonable because he had posted the particular comment outside working hours and not used any names in the post. It was considered by the courts that the actions of the employee were to demean the company and the reputation of the company (Wilson, 2016). Hence it was determined to be a fair ground for dismissal by the company. The company can argue that the comments about the colored hand were abusive to some of the employees and that would be perceived as discrimination by these employees. Similarly, in the case of Serafini v Holcim (Australia) Pty Ltd (2011), the truck driver posted traffic accidents while driving and posted the pictures on You tube and his social media page. Shortly after he was fired for posting pics during the work hours (Wilson, 2016). The Fair Work deemed the dismissal to be valid. Since he was not working according to the prescribed mandates and posting on social media instead. Using this case, the company can state that Andrea was not working during the working hours instead she was posting unrelated content that was not towards the business purpose of the company. Citing this they can say that she was not working the companys work during this time instead was sending out emails with agenda. Deductions from this analysis The courts usually consider the intent and the complete reason behind firing of the employees in each of these cases. It is difficult to understand the precedence of the courts as the courts have ruled in many ways in the past cases. Certain common factors can be understood in these cases. In these cases, the intent of the employees is considered by the courts. The look at the reason behind the employees making a particular action. In Andreas case this factors that would work in her favor are the fact that she wanted to help the employees, there was no malice intended, she did not cause the reputation of the company to be affected as she was only citing the evidence she had witnessed and most importantly she was not given any opportunity to explain a stance. These factors could be argued as the factors that contributed towards the unfair dismissal of the employees. The company also did not show the ways in which she was redundant or her action had caused the company any considerable loss. The company wanted to maintain an appearance owing to which she was fired. But she had signed the contract and agreed to follow the mandates of the email policy. The contract law usually is considered when there is a contract that is signed between willing adults. She was also using company official mail for purpose other than business during working hours. The contract also claimed that the terms are bound to change. The terms related to determination of what is right and unfair is not very clear in the implementation of the Fair work act by the cases. These causes obscurity in the ways of implementation of the Act (Stewart, 2012.). The most important factor that would aid in the case of Andrea was that she was not given an opportunity to present her case and her intent would be considered by the Fair Work Act while making the determination. Conclusion Andrea Castle was fired for sending out an email warning the employees to be careful from a colored hand. She wants to file a suit for unfair dismissal. Common contract law is the ultimate law that is considered in the cases of the employee employer relationship. Apart from this she had sent an email during working hours that was not related to the business aspects of the company. These factors could work against Andrea. However, the Fair Work Act 2009 was implemented to protect the rights of the employees. Andrea can argue that she was not given any space to voice her opinion or take back the email that she had sent to the employee. She did not have any support system when this dismissal occurred. Andrea dismissal was not proved under redundancy clause. There have been previous cases where the Fair Work has considered reinstatement of the employee or providing the employer with a certain penalty for firing under unfair clauses that was harsh. The courts look into the subjective natu re of the cases and make determination. It has been considered in this analysis after weighing in on the positives and the negatives of the case that Andrea has a strong case to present to the courts. Reference: Freedland, M., Bogg, A., Cabrelli, D., Collins, H., Countouris, N., Davies, A.C.L., Deakin, S. and Prassl, J. eds., 2016.The Contract of Employment. Oxford University Press. Legg, M., 2014. Class action settlements in Australia-the need for greater scrutiny.Melb. UL Rev.,38, p.590. McKendrick, E., 2014.Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). Moran, A. and Mallman, M., 2015. Understanding Social Cohesion in Shepparton and Mildura: Literature. Poole, J., 2016.Textbook on contract law. Oxford University Press. Southey, K. and Southey, K., 2016. To fight, sabotage or steal: are all forms of employee misbehaviour created equal?.International Journal of Manpower,37(6), pp.1067-1084. Stewart, A., 2012. Australian labour law in transition: The impact of the fair work act.New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations (Online),37(1), p.3. Susskind, A., 2013. Unfair dismissal benchbook.Law Society Journal: the official journal of the Law Society of New South Wales,51(11), p.24. Wilson, J., 2016. Employment law: A balancing act: Effective management of workplace disrepute by employees.Ethos: Official Publication of the Law Society of the Australian Capital Territory, (239), p.38.